Security Aspects of Ukrainian-Polish Diplomatic Relations in the Conditions of the Crisis of the Ukrainian Statehood (Winter-Autumn 1919)
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Abstract
Russian aggression against the independent Ukrainian state and the help of the neighboring Polish state in solving a number of security issues, including the supply of weapons and ammunition, the refugee problem, etc., have again increased the attention of scholars to the history of UkrainianPolish political and military cooperation. The most vivid example of this is, without a doubt, the Warsaw Treaty between the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Second Polish Republic of 1920, better known in Ukrainian and Polish societies as the «Pilsudsky-Petliura Union».
The main aspects of the genesis and reasons for the conclusion of this agreement are presented in sufficient detail in Ukrainian and Polish historiography. Instead, the negotiation process of the winterautumn of 1919 is, in our opinion, insufficiently covered in the scientific literature. Archival documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Hetman State and the Ukrainian People’s Republic of the Directory era, which are stored in the Central State Archive of the Higher Bodies of Power and Administration of Ukraine, deserve special attention.
The article analyzes the genesis and nature of Ukrainian-Polish diplomatic relations after the overthrow of the Hetmanate of Pavlo Skoropadskyi and the proclamation of the Ukrainian People’s Republic led by the Directory and Chief Otaman Symon Petliura. Special attention is paid to the second half of 1919, when the young Ukrainian state was experiencing a deep military-political and humanitarian crisis caused by the aggression of «white» and «red» Russia. It is emphasized that the catalyst for the Ukrainian-Polish rapprochement was a common threat from Moscow imperialism. The activity of Ukrainian diplomatic missions in the Second Polish Republic, their role in solving the urgent needs of the functioning of the Ukrainian People’s Republic on the international arena, primarily of a security and humanitarian nature are shown. Archive documents, a number of which have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, also confirm the lack of parity in the Ukrainian-Polish negotiation process, as will as the unequal diplomatic conditions between the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Second Polish Republic.
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