The role of the orthodox clergy of the Right Bank Ukraine in the protection of the rights and freedoms of the peasantry (second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century)
DOI::
https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2020.52.45-51Keywords:
Orthodox clergy, peasantry, Right Bank Ukraine, ROC, national revival, cooperative movementAbstract
In the middle of the 19th century among the Orthodox clergy of the Ukrainian dioceses of the ROC, there was a clear division between the Orthodox, who served the interests of the autocracy and opposed the reforms of the church and its ukrainization, and the liberal clergy. Liberal, patriotic clergy were openly opposed to the religious and imperial authorities, defended the Ukrainian language and culture, social rights of the congregation, especially the peasantry.
The representatives of the clergy were persecuted by the church authority for their active participation in the defence and protests of the peasantry. This is evidenced by the decrees of the Synod and its secret correspondence with the Metropolitan of Kyiv in 1848-1850 on the strengthening of supervision over the clergy in connection with the participation of some priests in peasant riots.
The patriotic part of Ukrainian clergy also actively defended the interests of the peasantry during conflicts with tenants, landlords, officials, helped to write collective complaints to state and clergy officials, defended them in court, and developed rural education. Such activities of the clergy contributed to the reform of the church, the development of the Ukrainian national revival and the struggle for the autocephaly of the Ukrainian church.
In the late 19th – early 20th century the representatives of the Orthodox clergy also played a significant role in the development of rural consumer, credit and industrial cooperation. The cooperative movement not only improved the material and cultural standard of living of the Ukrainian peasantry, but also significantly intensified the social life of the peasants and contributed to the development of their self-organization.
References
L. Bazhenov. Apollonij Sendul's'kyj – diiach ukrains'koho natsional'noho vidrodzhennia, vydatnyj kraieznavets' Volyni [Apollonius Sendulsky - a figure of the Ukrainian national revival, an outstanding local Volyn historian] in Dukhovne vidrodzhennia kul'tury Ukrainy. Materialy naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii, Rivne, 1994, s. 76-78.
Yu. Blazhevych. Narysy istorii pravoslav'ia Podillia-Khmel'nychchyny [Essays on the history of Orthodoxy in Podillya-Khmelnytsky region], Khmel'nyts'kyj, FOP Sikors'ka S.V., 2017, 337 s.
Dobrovol'skyj K. Pamiaty protoyereia Mykhayla Orlovskoho [In memory of the archpriest Mikhail Orlovsky] in Podol'skye eparkhyal'nye vedomosty, 1887, № 12, s. 276-278.
A. Zinchenko. Narodna tradytsiia ta dukhivnytstvo na Podilli naprykintsi ХІХ – na pochatku ХХ st. [Folk tradition and clergy in Podillia in the late XIX - early XX century] in Etnohrafiia Podillia: tezy dopovidej naukovoi konferentsii, Vinnytsia, B.v., 1992, s. 15-21.
O. Ihnatusha. Instytutsijnyj rozkol pravoslavnoi tserkvy v Ukraini: geneza i kharakter ( st. – 30-ti rr. ХХ st.) [System split of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine: genesis and character (XIX century – the 30s of the XX century)], Zaporizhzhia, Polihraf, 2004. 440 s.
M. Koval'skyj, prot. Yz podol'skoj staryny [From Podolsk antiquity] in Russkaia staryna, Sankt-Peterburh, 1911, s. 229-552. [in Russian]
O. Kolomiiets' O.M. Antyklerykal'ni vystupy selian Pravoberezhnoi Ukrainy v 1900-1914 rr. [Anti-clerical riots of the peasants of the Right Bank of Ukraine in 1900-1914] in Ukr. istor. zhurn, 1973, № 11, s. 108-115.
M. Leschenko. Klasova bor'ba v ukrains'komu seli v epokhu domonopolistychnoho kapitalizmu (60-90-ti roky ХІХ st.) [Class struggle in the Ukrainian countryside in the era of pre-monopoly capitalism (60-90s of the XIX century)], Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1980, 260 s.
V. Mesha. Pravoslavna tserkva i selianstvo Ukrainy ostann'oi chverti ХІХ st. [The Orthodox Church and the peasantry of Ukraine in the last quarter of the XIX century] in Ukrains'kyj selianyn: zbirnyk naukovykh prats', Cherkasy, 2008, № 11, s. 173-176.
H. Nadtoka. Pravoslavna tserkva i protses ukrains'koho natsional'noho vidrodzhennia 1900-1917 rokiv [The Orthodox Church and the process of Ukrainian national revival in 1900-1917], Kyiv, Vyd-vo Kyiv. nats. un-tu im. T.H. Shevchenka, 1996, 110 s.
Otzyvy eparkhyal'nykh arkhyereev po voprosu o tserkovnoj reforme: sbornyk dokumentov [Reviews of diocesan bishops on the issue of church reform: collection of documents], Moskva, 2004, 220 s. [in Russian]
D. Pojda. Z istorii borot'by ukrains'koho selianstva proty dukhovenstva v dorevoliutsijnyj chas [From the history of the struggle of the Ukrainian peasantry against the clergy in pre-revolutionary times]. Dnipropetrovs'k, Dnipropetr. obl. vyd-vo, 1958, 82 s.
V. Podolian, V. Rekrut. Joakhym Voloshynovs'kyj u stanovlenni ukrains'koho kooperatyvnoho rukhu: monohrafiia [Joachim Voloshinovsky in the formation of Ukrainian cooperative movement: monograph]. Vinnytsia, 2005, 400 s.
Posmertnyj rasskaz o. Antonyia Koval'skoho (k ystoryy krest'ianskykh volnenyj v Kyevskoj hubernyy 1855 hoda) [The posthumous story of Anthony Kowalski (to the history of the peasants riots in the Kiev province in 1855)] in Kyevskaia staryna, 1882, T. 1, fevral', S. 386-396.
Sel'skyj pastyr' v roly myrovoho sud'y [A country parson as the justice of the peace] in Rukovodstvo dlia sel'skykh pastyrej. Moskva, 1886, № 50. [in Russian]
A. Sendul'skyj. Avtobyohrafyia [Autobiography] in Kyevskaia staryna. 1896. № 1. s. 58-59.
Stepovyk D. Tserkva v kajdanakh (Borot'ba ukrains'kykh khrystyian za svoiu samobutnist' u ХІХ st. [Church in chains (The struggle of Ukrainian Christians for their identity in the XIX century] , Kyiv, 1996, 112 s.
V. Tatsiienko. Povsiakdenne zhyttia pravoslavnoho parafiial'noho dukhovenstva Kyivs'koi ieparkhii v kintsi XVIII– na pochatku XIX st.: dys. kand. istor. nauk [Everyday life of the Orthodox parish clergy of the Kyiv eparchy in the late eighteenth - early twentieth century], Uman', 2016. 272 s.
B. Tytlynov. Pravoslavye na sluzhbe samoderzhavyia [Orthodoxy in the service of autocracy]. Lenynhrad, Hosyzdat, 1924. 207 s. [in Russian]
Yu. Khytrovs'ka. Pravoberezhne pravoslavne dukhovenstvo ta ukrains'kyj natsional'nyj rukh u ХІХ – na pochatku ХХ st. [Right-bank Orthodox clergy and the Ukrainian national movement in the XIX - early XX centuries], in Intelihentsiia i vlada: zbirnyk naukovykh prats', Odesa, Astroprynt, 2008, Vyp. 13, s. 30-45.
Tsentral'nyj derzhavnyj istorychnyj arkhiv, m. Kyievi (dali – TsDIAUK), f.182, op. 1, spr. 83. Sekretna perepyska Synoda z Kyivs'kym mytropolytom pro posylennia nahliadu za dukhovenstvom v zv'iazku z vypadkamy uchasti deiakykh sviaschenykiv u selians'kykh zavorushenniakh. 1848 r., 9 ark.
TsDIAUK, f. 127, op. 2, spr. 810. Sprava pro sviaschenyka sela Yasnohorodky Kyivs'koho povitu Stefana Danylevs'koho, zislanoho v monashestvo za pidburiuvannia selian-kripakiv proty mistsevoho pomischyka. 1845-1847 rr., 28 ark.
TsDIAUK, f.182, op. 1, spr. 64. Sprava po zvynuvachenniu parafiial'noho sviaschenyka s. Makiivky, Kyivs'koi hub. Antonova Vasylia u napysanni nyzky kolektyvnykh skarh na zakhyst selian, v orhanizatsii selians'koho zavorushennia, zvil'nennia z-pid varty selian toscho. 1845 r., 7 ark.
TsDIAUK, f. 442, op. 451, spr. 45. Sprava pro pidburiuvannia selian v maietku hrafa Mionchyns'koho s. Zachernechchia Kovel's'koho pov. Volyn. hub. ponomarem L'vovychem do nepokory ikh vlavlasnyku. 1848 r., 24 ark.
TsDIAUK, f. 797, op. 17, spr.40189. Po zvynuvachenniu sviaschenyka Podil's'koi ieparkhii Vladyshevs'koho v pidburenni do zavorushen' selian proty pomischykiv Halyts'koho i Popovs'koho. 1847-1848 rr., ark. 1-8.
TsDIAUK, f. 442, op. 831, spr.143. Donesennia kyivs'komu hubernatoru pro vyholoshennia sviaschenykom m. Kaharlyk Kyivs'koho povitu Radets'kym O. propovidi, v iakij zasudzhuiet'sia tsentral'na i mistseva vlada za pryhnoblennia selian. 1881 r., ark. 1-2.
TsDIAUK, f. 797, op. 45, vidd. 3, spr. 175. Tsyrkuliar Ministerstva vnutrishnikh sprav pro neblahodijnu povedinku v tserkvi sviaschenyka Kyivs'koi ieparkhii Fedora Stryzhevs'koho. 1878 r., 12 ark.
TsDIAUK, f. 274, op.1, spr. 242. Donesennia pro taiemnu diial'nist' u Pivdenno-Zakhidnomu krai osib, iaki vvazhaiut' sebe chlenamy partii «Narodna volia». 1882 r., 35 ark.
TsDIAUK, f.1335, op. 1, spr. 20. Tsyrkuliar departamentu politsii vid 3 kvitnia 1884 r. pro otrymannia vidomostej pro povodzhennia, obraz zhyttia i sudymosti neblahonadijnykh osib dukhovnoho zvannia v mistsevoho ieparkhial'noho nachal'stva. 222 ark.
TsDIAUK, f. 797, op. 48, vidd. 3, spr. 181. Po vidnoshenniu Holovnoho nachal'nyka 3 viddilennia Osobystoi Joho Velychnosti Kantseliarii pro prytiahnutykh do vidvidal'nosti u spravi zlochynnoi propahandy sviaschenykiv Kyivs'koi hub. Zvenyhorods'koho povitu sela Romejkovky Dmytra Mel'nykivs'koho i s. Kyrylivky Oleksiia Koshyka. 1878 r., ark. 1-8.
TsDIAUK, f. 442, op. 833, spr. 13. Perepyska z Volyn. hub. pro perevirku anonimnoi zaiavy pro nalezhnist' do taiemnoho tovarystva sviaschenyka s.Bubniv Volodymyrs'koho povitu Volyn. hub. Mal'chevskoho. 1883 r., ark. 1-3.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
