The System of Governance and Economic Measures of the Austro-Hungarian Authorities on the Occupied Khotyn Region in 1918
DOI::
https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.48.64-74Abstract
The study highlights the attempt to characterise the main measures of the Austro-Hungarian authorities in the Khotyn region in the managerial and economic areas during spring – autumn 1918. It is discovered the reasons and circumstances of the occupation of the region by the Austrian troops. It is revealed the establishment of the control system over the occupied territory. In particular, all orders of the legislative and managerial nature of the local authorities were issued solely with the consent of the Austrian command, and any meetings and assemblies were prohibited. Attention is drawn to the implementation of measures in the area of food policy and land issues in 1918. A Food Commission was established to determine the amount of food for the local population and food intended for export to Austria-Hungary. However, the requirements of the Austro-Hungarian military authorities to remove the unnecessary amount of food was extremely difficult to meet in terms of a tangible lack of grain and products, even for the local population.
Keywords: Khotyn region, Austro-Hungarian occupation, General Command, requisition
References
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Ukraina mizh samovyznachenniam ta okupatsiieiu: 1917 – 1922 roky [Ukraine between self-determination and occupation: 1917 – 1922], Kyiv, Nika-Tsentr, 2015, 512 s.
V.Ivashchenko Fiskalna polityka avstro-nimetskoi administratsii v ukrainskomu seli (liutyi – kviten 1918 r.) [Fiscal Policy of the Austro-Germanic Administration in the Ukrainian Village (February – April 1918)] in «Hurzhiivski istorychni chytannia: Zb. nauk. pr.», 2009, vyp. 3, s. 329-333 ta in.
V.Kurylo, A.Kopylov, M.Panchuk Khotynske povstannia [Khotin uprising], Kyiv, Politvydav Ukrainy, 1989, 117 s.
V.Zapolovskyi Bukovyna v ostannii viini Avstro-Uhorshchyny 1914–1918 [Bucovina in the last war of Austria-Hungary], Chernivtsi, Zoloti lytavry, 2003.
Bereznyakov N. V. Borba trudyashchikhsya Bessarabii za svoye osvobozhdeniye i vossoyedineniye s sovetskoy rodinoy (1918 – 1940 gg.), s. 85.
Borba Trudyashchikhsya Moldavii protiv interventov i vnutrenney kontrrevolyutsii v 1917 – 1920 gg. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov [ The struggle of the workers of Moldova against the interventionists and the internal counterrevolution in 1917 – 1920. Collection of documents and materials], Kishinev, Kartya Moldovenyaske, 1967, c. 145-146.
Borotba trudiashchykh Bukovyny za sotsialne y natsionalne vyzvolennia i vozziednannia z Ukrainskoiu RSR (1917 – 1941). Dokumenty i materialy .[ The struggle of the workers of Bukovina for social and national liberation and reunification with the Ukrainian SSR (1917 - 1941). Documents and materials.], Chernivtsi, Oblvydav, 1958, s. 100.
DAChO, f. 365 Khotinskaya gorodskaya uprava, op. 2, spr. 1 Delo po nablyudeniyu za deyatelnostyu Khotinskogo gorodskogo prodovolstvennogo komiteta po snabzheniyu naseleniya goroda prodovolstviyem, ark. 7.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 149 Rasporyazheniya i perepiska s Avstro-Vengerskimi voyennymi vlastyami, ark. 92.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 146 Kopii zhurnalov ocherednykh zasedaniy zemskikh sobraniy, ark. 14.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 149 Rasporyazheniya i perepiska s Avstro-Vengerskimi voyennymi vlastyami, ark. 91.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 145 Perepiska s Bessarabskim guberniskim pravleniyem i Khotinskoy gorodskoy upravoy ob organizatsii otryadov militsii v Khotiskom uyezde, ark. 193-193zv.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 149 Rasporyazheniya i perepiska s Avstro-Vengerskimi voyennymi vlastyami, ark.18, 33, 36.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 147 Materialy (prosheniya, doklady, protokoly), podgotovlennyye k razboru na zemskom sobranii, ark. 78.
DAChO, f. 42 Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 145 Perepiska s Bessarabskim guberniskim pravleniyem i Khotinskoy gorodskoy upravoy ob organizatsii otryadov militsii v Khotiskom uyezde, ark. 242.
Derzhavnyi arkhiv Chernivetskoi oblasti (DAChO), f. 42. Khotinskaya uyezdnaya zemskaya uprava, op. 1, spr. 145 Perepiska s Bessarabskim guberniskim pravleniyem i Khotinskoy gorodskoy upravoy ob organizatsii otryadov militsii v Khotiskom uyezde, ark. 152.
F.Prodaniuk Ukrainska derzhava i krainy Chetvertnoho soiuzu: osnovni napriamky vzaiemovidnosyn [The Ukrainian state and the countries of the Quadruple Alliance: the main directions of the relationship], in «Studii z arkhivnoi spravy ta dokumentoznavstva», 1999, t. 5, s. 73-77;
Heroichna Khotynshchyna. Materialy naukovoi sesii, prysviachenoi 50-richchiu Khotynskoho povstannia [Heroic Khotinschina. Materials of the scientific session devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Khotyn uprising], Lviv, 1972, 232 s.;
M.Meltyukhov Bessarabskiy vopros mezhdu mirovymi voynami 1917 – 1940 [The bessarabian question between the world wars 1917 – 1940 ], Moskva, Veche, 2010, s. 44.
N.Bereznyakov Borba trudyashchikhsya Bessarabii za svoye osvobozhdeniye i vossoyedineniye s sovetskoy rodinoy (1918 – 1940 gg.) [The struggle of the workers of Bessarabia for their liberation and reunification with the Soviet homeland (1918-1940)], Kishinev, Kartya Moldovenyaske, 1970, 316 s. ta in.
O.Dobrzhanskyi Khotynshchyna. Istorychnyi narys, s. 191.
O.Dobrzhanskyi, Yu.Makar, O.Masan Khotynshchyna. Istorychnyi narys [Khotynshchyna. Historical essay], Chernivtsi, Molodyi bukovynets, 2002, 464 s.
Okupatsiia Ukrainy 1918 roku: Istorychnyi kontekst, stan doslidzhennia, ekonomichni ta sotsialni naslidky (Materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii) [Occupation of Ukraine in 1918: Historical context, state of research, economic and social consequences (Materials of the international scientific conference)], Chernivtsi, Zelena Bukovyna, 2009, 205 s;
U.Uska Ukladennia ta realizatsiia domovlenostei mizh Avstro-Uhorshchynoiu ta UNR u Brest-Lytovskomu 1918 r.: uroky dyplomatychnoi borotby [Conclusion and implementation of agreements between Austria-Hungary and the UNR in Brest-Litovsk in 1918: lessons of diplomatic struggle] in «Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu «Lvivska politekhnika». Derzhava ta armiia», 2014, № 784, s. 120-127;
Ukraina mizh samovyznachenniam ta okupatsiieiu: 1917 – 1922 roky [Ukraine between self-determination and occupation: 1917 – 1922], Kyiv, Nika-Tsentr, 2015, 512 s.
V.Ivashchenko Fiskalna polityka avstro-nimetskoi administratsii v ukrainskomu seli (liutyi – kviten 1918 r.) [Fiscal Policy of the Austro-Germanic Administration in the Ukrainian Village (February – April 1918)] in «Hurzhiivski istorychni chytannia: Zb. nauk. pr.», 2009, vyp. 3, s. 329-333 ta in.
V.Kurylo, A.Kopylov, M.Panchuk Khotynske povstannia [Khotin uprising], Kyiv, Politvydav Ukrainy, 1989, 117 s.
V.Zapolovskyi Bukovyna v ostannii viini Avstro-Uhorshchyny 1914–1918 [Bucovina in the last war of Austria-Hungary], Chernivtsi, Zoloti lytavry, 2003.
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Published
2018-12-15
How to Cite
Dubitska, T. (2018). The System of Governance and Economic Measures of the Austro-Hungarian Authorities on the Occupied Khotyn Region in 1918. History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, (48), 64-74. https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.48.64-74
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