Bukovynian Lands in the Context of Russian-Swedish and Russian-Turkish conflicts of the beginning of the XVIII century
DOI::
https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2020.51.6-16Keywords:
Bukovyna, Moldavia, military-political relations, Russia, the Ottoman Empire, Sweden, Chernivtsi, Khotyn, cossacksAbstract
The beginning of the XVIII century proved to be quite tense for the Bukovynian lands, which became the scene of confrontation between the powerful states – Sweden, Russia, the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the Great Northern War of Russia and Sweden and the Russo-Turkish War of 1710-1713, the Bukovynian lands repeatedly became the scene of fierce battles. For Russia, Bukovyna was a kind of window to Europe, and for Turkey, it was of interest through its fortifications, namely the Khotyn fortress.
The war began due to mutual provocative actions on the part of these countries, namely the Russian troops of Brigadier G. Kropotov carried out the Chernivtsi raid in 1709, thus violating the Treaty of Constantinople in 1700. In turn, the Turks provoked Russia by the fact that after the Battle of Poltava in 1709 they gave shelter to Charles XII and I. Mazepa with their troops in Moldavia. In the Moldavian lands the military action ended with the signing of the Prut Peace Treaty.
Thus, the presence of Swedish, Cossack, Russian and Turkish-Tatar troops in Bukovyna in 1709 and 1711 had a negative impact on the military and political situation in the region, led to significant demographic losses, desolation of settlements, impoverishment of the local population and his resettlement outside Moldavia. Also, all these events influenced the magnifications of the Ottoman presence in the Bukovynian lands, which later resulted in the creation of the rayah or nahiya in the Khotyn region.
Given the urgency of the problem, the purpose of our article is a comprehensive study of the military and political situation of the Bukovinian lands in the period since 1700 to 1711.
References
V. Artamonov, Turetsko-russkaia voina 1710–1713 hh. [Turkish-Russian war of 1710-1713], Moskva, Kuchkovo pole, 2019, s. 131; L. Semenova, Kniazhestva Valakhyia y Moldavyia, 448 s.
Balukh, Vlyianye polsko-turetskoho sopernychestva vtoroi polovyny XVII v. na voenno-polytycheskuiu sytuatsyiu v Karpato-Dnestrovskom rehyone [The Influence of the Polish-Turkish Rivalry in the Second Half of the 17th Century on the Military and Political Situation in the Carpathian-Dniester Region] in «V poyskakh sushchnosty: Sbornyk statei v chest 60-letyia N. D. Russeva», Kyshyneu: Stratum Plus, 2019, s. 413-423.
E. Belova, Prutskyi pokhod. Popazhenye na puty k pobede? [Prut campaign. Defeat on the way to victory?], Moskva, Veche, 2011, 272 s.
V. Botushanskyi, Bukovyna istorychnyi narys [Bukovina historical essay],Chernivtsi, Zelena Bukovyna, 1998, 416 c.
L. Vlasova, Moldavsko-polskye polytycheskye sviaty v poslednei chetverty XVII – nachale XVIII v. [Moldavian-Polish political relations in the last quarter of the XVII - beginning of the XVIII century], Kyshynev, Shtyyntsa, 1980, 166 s.
L. Voitovych, Istoriia viin i viiskovoho mystetstva [History of wars and martial arts], Kharkiv, Folio, 2018, T. 2, 976 c.
O. Dobrzhanskyi, Khotynshchyna: istorychnyi narys [Khotynshchyna: historical essay], Chernivtsi, Molodyi bukovynets, 2002, 464 c.
D. Drahnev, Ocherky vneshnepolytycheskoi ystoryy Moldavskoho kniazhestva (posledniaia chetvert KhIV – nachalo KhIKh v.) [Essays on the foreign policy history of the Principality of Moldavia (last quarter of the 14th - beginning of the 19th century)], Kyshynev, Shtyyntsa, 1987, 464 c.
Duchich, Hraf Savva Vladyslavych-Rahuzynskyi. Serb-dyplomat pry dvore Petra Velykoho y Ekateryny I [Count Savva Vladislavich-Raguzinsky. Serbian diplomat at the court of Peter the Great and Catherine I.], Sankt-Peterburh, Yzdatelsko-Torhovyi Dom «SKYFYIa», 2020, Yzd. 2-e, 296 s.
A. Zhukovskyi, Istoriia Bukovyny [History of Bukovina], Chernivtsi,Chas, 1991, Ch.1, 120 c.
R. Kaindl, Istoriia Chernivtsiv vid naidavnishykh chasiv do sohodennia [History of Chernivtsi from ancient times to the present], Chernivtsi, Zelena Bukovyna, 2005, 300 s.
M. Krykun, Voievodstva Pravoberezhnoi Ukrainy u XVI-XVIII stolittiakh: Statti i materialy [Palatinates of Right-Bank Ukraine in the Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries: Studies and Source Materials], Lviv, 2012, s. 284-335.
Ystorycheskye sviazy narodov SSSR y Rumynyy v XV – nachale XVIII v.: Dokumenty y materyaly, Moskva, Nauka, 1965, T.3, 416 c.
Pysma y bumahy ymperatora Petra Velykoho, T. 9, vyp. 1. Moskva, Yzd-vo Akademyy nauk SSSR, 1950, 527 c.
Pysma y bumahy ymperatora Petra Velykoho, T. IX, vyp. 2. Moskva, Yzd-vo Akademyy nauk SSSR, 1952, 1621 c.
O. Masan, Bukovyna yak obiekt mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn z davnikh chasiv do 1774 r. [Bukovina as an object of international relations from ancient times to 1774] in «Bukovyna v konteksti yevropeiskykh mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn (z davnikh chasiv do seredyny KhKh st.)», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 2005, s. 9-168.
A. Masan, «Do mestechka Cherniavets seho zhe sentiabria v 23 den» (O russko-shvedsko-kazatskoi stychke v Chernovtsakh v 1709 h. y ee mezhdunarodnykh posledstvyiakh) [«To the town Cherniavets on the 23rd day of this September» (About the Russo-Swede-Cossack Skirmish in Chernovtsy in 1709 and its International Ramifications)], in «Mezhdunarodnyi ystorycheskyi zhurnal «Rusyn», Kyshynev, Rus, 2011, №1(23), s. 16-29.
O. Masan, Chernivtsi u druhii polovyni XIV - XVIII st. (do 1775 r.) [Chernivtsi in the second half of the XIV - XVIII centuries (until 1775)] in «Chernivtsi. Istoriia i suchasnist», Chernivtsi, Zelena Bukovyna, 2009, s. 23-74.
O. Masan, Chernivtsi:1408-1998: Narysy z istorii mista [Chernivtsi: 1408-1998: Essays on the history of the city], Chernivtsi, Misto, 1998, 213 s.
A. Myshlaevskyi. Voina s Turtsyei 1711 h.: Prutskaia operatsyia [War with Turkey 1711: Prut operation], Sankt-Pererburh, Voen. uchen. kom. Hlav. shtaba, 1898, Vyp. XII, 359 s.
Y. Nekulche, O sama de kuvynte. Letopysetsul Tsэryi Moldovei, Kyshnnэu, Kartia Moldoveniaskэ, 1974, 508 c.
A. Ohui, Prutskyi pokhod Petra I y osobennosty denezhnoho obrashchenyia Moldavyy y Bukovyny [The Pruth Campaign of Peter I and the Pecularities of Monetary Circulation in Moldavia and Bucovina], in «Mezhdunarodnyi ystorycheskyi zhurnal «Rusyn», Kyshynev, Rus, 2011, №1(23), s. 44-51.
L. Semenova, Kniazhestva Valakhyia y Moldavyia. Konets XIV - nachalo XIX v. (Ocherky vneshnepolytycheskoi ystoryy) [Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The end of the XIV - beginning of the XIX century. (Essays on foreign policy history)], Moskva, Yndryk, 2006, 432 c.
V. Staty, Ystoryia Moldovy [History of Moldova], Kyshynev, F.E.P. “Tipografia Centrală”, 2002, 480 c.
Turtsyia nakanune y posle Poltavskoi bytvy. (Hlazamy avstryiskoho dyplomata), Moskva, Nauka, 1977, 103 s.
V. Tsvyrkun, Dymytryi Kantemyr. Stranytsy zhyzny v pysmakh y dokumentakh [Dimitri Cantemir. Pages of life in letters and documents], Sankt-Peterburh, Nestor-Ystoryia, 2010, 412 s.
Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy u Lvovi, f. 146 Lvivskyi grodskyi sud, op.1, spr. 481 Karlovytskyi myrnyi dohovir, 1516 ark.
P. Shornykov, Ot konfederatsyy – k avtonomyy v sostave Rossyy. Prutskyi pokhod russkoi armyy y эvoliutsyia moldavskoho эtnohosudarstvennoho proekta [From Confederation - to Autonomy as part of Russia. The Pruth Campaign of the Russian Army and the Evolution of the Moldavian Ethno-State Project] in «Mezhdunarodnyi ystorycheskyi zhurnal «Rusyn», Kyshynev, Rus, 2011, №1(23), s. 7-15.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
