Феномен міжетнічної толерантності на Буковині (1861-1914 рр.): випадок із євреями
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2017.46.67-75Анотація
У статті проаналізовано особливості феномену міжетнічної толерантності на Буковині в період 1861 ‒ 1914 рр., зокрема її політичний та соціально-економічний аспекти. На прикладі з історії євреїв Буковини доведено, що австрійською владою тут було встановлено певний політичний консенсус з приводу розвитку поліетнічної структури буковинського соціуму завдяки лібералізації політичного та соціокультурного життя в краї.
Ключові слова: буковинізм, толерантність, ідентичність, євреї, Буковина
Посилання
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K. Hnydka, Spetsyfika fenomenu «bukovynizm» yak pohranychnoho typu kul'tury [Specificity of the phenomenon of «Bukovynism» as a border type of culture], in: «Pravoslaven boholsovsky fakul'tetet. Velykotyrnovsky unyverstytet «Sv. Sv. Kyryl y Metodyy», at: http: // pbfvt.pravoslavie.bg / index. php; O. Sukhomlynov, Bukovyna yak pohranychchya kul'tur (v konteksti intehratsiynykh protsesiv v Yevropi) [Bukovina as the border of cultures (in the context of integration processes in Europe)], in: «Bliźej siebie. Rumuni I Polacy w Europie. Historia i dzień disiejszy – Mai aproape unii de alţii. Români şi polonozi în Europa. Istorie şi present», Suceava, 2006, s. 69-77;
K. Feleshko, «Bukovyna – miniatyurna Yevropa». Lehendy, metody, diysnist' [«Bukovina is a miniature Europe». Legends, methods, reality], in: «Materialy III Mizhnarodnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, prysvyachenoyi 120-richchyu zasnuvannya Chernivets'koho universytetu (29 veresnya – 1 zhovtnya 1995 r., Chernivtsi)», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 1995, s. 179-187.
O. Ohuy, Movna sytuatsiya na Bukovyni v avstriys'kyy period: dynamika krayovykh mov u sotsiolinhvistychnomu aspekti (1774 – 1918 rr.) [The language situation in Bukovina in the Austrian period: the dynamics of regional languages in the sociolinguistic aspect in 1774 – 1918], in: «Naukovyy visnyk Skhidnoyevropeys'koho natsional'noho universytetu im. L. Ukrayinky», 2013, #20, s. 253.
M. Chuchko, Fenomen bukovyns'koyi tolerantnosti u konteksti vzayemyn v kintsi XIV – na pochatku XX stolittya [Phenomenon of Bukovina tolerance in the context of relations in the late fourteenth - early twentieth century], in: «Istorychna panorama: Zbirnyk naukovykh statey ChNU. Spetsial'nist' «Istoriya», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 2007, Vypusk 3, s. 27-29.
Istoriya rozvytku orhaniv vlady na terytoriyi Chernivets'koyi oblasti [History of development of the authorities on the territory of the Chernivtsi region], O. Dobrzhans'kyy, A. Kruhlashov, M. Yarmystyy, Chernivtsi, Bukrek, 2014, s. 212.
V. Botushans'kyy, H. Chayka, Sklad studentiv Chernivets'koho universytetu v period Avstro-Uhorshchyny (1875-1918 rr.) [Composition of the students of the Chernivtsi University during the Austro-Hungarian period (1875-1918)], in: «Materialy III Mizhnarodnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, prysvyachenoyi 120-richchyu zasnuvannya Chernivets'koho universytetu (29 veresnya – 1 zhovtnya 1995 r., Chernivtsi), Chernivtsi, Ruta, 1995, c. 138.
S. Moshenskyy, Fynansovye tsentry Ukrayny y rynok tsennykh bumah yndustryal'noy epokhy [Financial centers of Ukraine and the market of securities of the industrial era], London, Xlibris, 2014, s. 163-192.
Y. Monolatyy, Evrey y nemtsy – zhytely sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kolonyy Halytsyy (konets XVIII – XX vv.) [Jews and Germans ‒ residents of the agricultural colonies of Galicia (late XVIII - early XX centuries)], in: «Materyaly Vos'moy ezhehodnoy mezhdunarodnoy mezhdystsyplynarnoy konferentsyy po yudayke. Ch. 1», Moskva, Probel-2000, 2002, s. 55-69.
O. Kottsiyan, Znachennya universytetu dlya «Chernivets'koho mifu» / Per. z nim. P. Rykhla [The significance of the university for the "Chernivtsi myth"], in: «Materialy III Mizhnarodnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, prysvyachenoyi 120-richchyu zasnuvannya Chernivets'koho universytetu (29 veresnya – 1 zhovtnya 1995 r., Chernivtsi)», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 1995. s. 195.
V. Fysanov, Problema bezopasnosty v uslovyyakh podvyzhnykh heopolytycheskykh tochek: sluchay s Bukovynoy [The problem of security in the context of mobile geopolitical points: the case of Bukovina], in: «Pohranychnye rayony na post·sovet·skom prostranstve: netradytsyonnye aspekty bezopasnosty / Materyaly semynara / Fond Dzhona D. y Katryn T. Makarturov, Chernovtsy, oktyabr' 1996», Kyev, Fenyks, 1997, s. 82-89.
Ynostrannoe obozrenye [Foreign Review], in: «Knyzhky Voskhoda. Zhurnal uchёno-lyteraturnyy y polytycheskyy», 1904, May, s. 270.
F. Kheyman, Povernennya pam"yati: Storinky yevreys'koyi istoriyi Chernivtsiv [Return to memory: Pages of the Jewish history of Chernivtsi], Kyyiv, Dukh i Litera, 2016, s. 34 ‒ 35.
L. Schmelzer. Geschichte des Zionismus in der Bukowina [History of Zionism in Bukovina], in: Hugo Gold (Hg.), Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina, Bd. I, Tel Aviv, 1958, p. 91.
A. Bezarov, Yz ystoryy evreev na Bukovyne (XIX-XX vv.) [From the history of Jews in Bukovina (XIX ‒ XX centuries)], in: «Yevreys'ka istoriya ta kul'tura v Ukrayini. Materialy konferentsiyi, Kyyiv, 22 ‒ 23 lystopada 1993 r.», Kyyiv, Asotsiatsiya yudayiky Ukrayiny, 1994, s. 22-23.
I. Hol'tser, Prosvita, asymilyatsiya ta nova identychnist': yevreys'ka elita na Halychyni [Enlightenment, Assimilation and New Identity: The Jewish Elite in Galicia], in: «Polin. Vybrani statti / Per. z anhl.», Kyyiv, Dukh i Litera, 2011, s. 79.
Zapysky [Notes], in: «Bukovyna. Orhan ukrayins'koyi postupovoyi partiyi na Bukovyni», 1909, 28 sichnya, s. 2.
Vovky v ovechiy shkuri [Wolves in Sheepskin], in: «Bukovyna. Orhan ukrayins'koyi postupovoyi partiyi na Bukovyni», 1909, 22 sichnya, s. 1-2.
Soymova reforma vyborcha [Parliamentary electoral reform], in: «Bukovyna. Orhan ukrayins'koyi postupovoyi partiyi na Bukovyni», 1909, 12 zhovtnya, s. 1.
Donesennya Dyrektsiyi politsiyi pro perebih yevreys'kykh narodnykh zboriv, 7 travnya 1910 r. [Report of the Police Board on the course of the Jewish People's Assembly, May 7, 1910], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st.: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 312.
Iz statti «Shkil'ni spravy» u hazeti «Die Volkswehr», 18 zhovtnya 1910 r. [From the article "School Affairs" in the newspaper Die Volkswehr, October 18, 1910], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st.: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 329.
Iz statti «Shkil'ni spravy» u hazeti «Die Volkswehr», 18 zhovtnya 1910 r., s. 331-332.
V. Botushans'kyy, Orhanizatsiya narodnoho shkil'nytstva na Bukovyni (70-ti rr.. XIX – pochatok XX st.) [Organization of folk schooling in Bukovina (70 s. XIX ‒ beginning of the twentieth century)], in: «XI Bukovyns'ka mizhnarodna istoryko-krayeznavcha konferentsiya prysvyachena 100-richchyu Ukrayins'koyi natsional'noyi revolyutsiyi. Tezy dopovidey, Chernivtsi, 20 ‒ 21 zhovtnya 2017 r.», Chernivtsi, Tekhnodruk, 2017, s. 22.
Za hranytsey [Abroad], in: «Vestnyk Obshchestva rasprostranenyya prosveshchenyya mezhdu evreyamy v Rossyy», 1912, #16, s. 126.
Napad na prava chernovets'kykh horozhan [Assault on the rights of Chernivtsi citizens], in: «Borba. Ukrayins'kyy sotsial-demokratychnyy robitnychyy zhurnal», 1911, 15 hrudnya, s. 1-2.
Zamitka «Vshanuvannya deputata doktora Shtraukhera» z hazety «Die Volkswehr», 12 serpenya 1910 r. [Note «Honoring the Deputy of Dr. Strauheer» from the newspaper Die Volkswehr, August 12, 1910], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st..: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 323.
A. Kastelyanskyy, Obshchaya statystyka / Avstryya [Common statistics / Austria], in: «Evreyskaya entsyklopedyya. Svod znanyy o evreystve y eho kul'ture v proshlom y nastoyashchem», Tom 1, SPb, Obshchestvo dlya nauchnykh evreyskykh yzdanyy, Brok·hauz-Efron, s. 343.
E. Voloshchuk, Fenomen evreyskoy Ukrayny y eho lyteraturnye proektsyy [The phenomenon of Jewish Ukraine and its literary projections], in: “Collegium”. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-khudozhestvennyy zhurnal», 2017, #27, s. 163.
Iz vystupu deputata Benno Shtraukhera z pytannya vyborchoyi reformy na zasidanni Avstriys'koyi palaty posliv 13 bereznya 1906 roku, 13 bereznya 1906 r. [From the speech of deputy Benno Strauheer on the question of electoral reform at the Austrian Ambassadorial meeting March 13, 1906, March 13, 1906], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st.: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 229 ‒ 232.
Sh. Sen'obos, Polytycheskaya ystoryya sovremennoy Evropy [Political history of modern Europe], Tom 2, SPb, Tovaryshchestvo «Znanye», 1903, s. 475 ‒ 478.
Shmy, Ynostrannoe obozrenye [Foreign Review], in: «Knyzhky Voskhoda. Zhurnal uchёno-lyteraturnyy y polytycheskyy», 1904, Yyul', s. 248.
M., Evrey v Halytsyy [Jews in Galicia], in: «Knyzhky Voskhoda. Zhurnal uchёno-lyteraturnyy y polytycheskyy», 1903, Avhust, s. 122.
K. Hnydka, Spetsyfika fenomenu «bukovynizm» yak pohranychnoho typu kul'tury [Specificity of the phenomenon of «Bukovynism» as a border type of culture], in: «Pravoslaven boholsovsky fakul'tetet. Velykotyrnovsky unyverstytet «Sv. Sv. Kyryl y Metodyy», at: http: // pbfvt.pravoslavie.bg / index. php; O. Sukhomlynov, Bukovyna yak pohranychchya kul'tur (v konteksti intehratsiynykh protsesiv v Yevropi) [Bukovina as the border of cultures (in the context of integration processes in Europe)], in: «Bliźej siebie. Rumuni I Polacy w Europie. Historia i dzień disiejszy – Mai aproape unii de alţii. Români şi polonozi în Europa. Istorie şi present», Suceava, 2006, s. 69-77;
K. Feleshko, «Bukovyna – miniatyurna Yevropa». Lehendy, metody, diysnist' [«Bukovina is a miniature Europe». Legends, methods, reality], in: «Materialy III Mizhnarodnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, prysvyachenoyi 120-richchyu zasnuvannya Chernivets'koho universytetu (29 veresnya – 1 zhovtnya 1995 r., Chernivtsi)», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 1995, s. 179-187.
O. Ohuy, Movna sytuatsiya na Bukovyni v avstriys'kyy period: dynamika krayovykh mov u sotsiolinhvistychnomu aspekti (1774 – 1918 rr.) [The language situation in Bukovina in the Austrian period: the dynamics of regional languages in the sociolinguistic aspect in 1774 – 1918], in: «Naukovyy visnyk Skhidnoyevropeys'koho natsional'noho universytetu im. L. Ukrayinky», 2013, #20, s. 253.
M. Chuchko, Fenomen bukovyns'koyi tolerantnosti u konteksti vzayemyn v kintsi XIV – na pochatku XX stolittya [Phenomenon of Bukovina tolerance in the context of relations in the late fourteenth - early twentieth century], in: «Istorychna panorama: Zbirnyk naukovykh statey ChNU. Spetsial'nist' «Istoriya», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 2007, Vypusk 3, s. 27-29.
Istoriya rozvytku orhaniv vlady na terytoriyi Chernivets'koyi oblasti [History of development of the authorities on the territory of the Chernivtsi region], O. Dobrzhans'kyy, A. Kruhlashov, M. Yarmystyy, Chernivtsi, Bukrek, 2014, s. 212.
V. Botushans'kyy, H. Chayka, Sklad studentiv Chernivets'koho universytetu v period Avstro-Uhorshchyny (1875-1918 rr.) [Composition of the students of the Chernivtsi University during the Austro-Hungarian period (1875-1918)], in: «Materialy III Mizhnarodnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, prysvyachenoyi 120-richchyu zasnuvannya Chernivets'koho universytetu (29 veresnya – 1 zhovtnya 1995 r., Chernivtsi), Chernivtsi, Ruta, 1995, c. 138.
S. Moshenskyy, Fynansovye tsentry Ukrayny y rynok tsennykh bumah yndustryal'noy epokhy [Financial centers of Ukraine and the market of securities of the industrial era], London, Xlibris, 2014, s. 163-192.
Y. Monolatyy, Evrey y nemtsy – zhytely sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kolonyy Halytsyy (konets XVIII – XX vv.) [Jews and Germans ‒ residents of the agricultural colonies of Galicia (late XVIII - early XX centuries)], in: «Materyaly Vos'moy ezhehodnoy mezhdunarodnoy mezhdystsyplynarnoy konferentsyy po yudayke. Ch. 1», Moskva, Probel-2000, 2002, s. 55-69.
O. Kottsiyan, Znachennya universytetu dlya «Chernivets'koho mifu» / Per. z nim. P. Rykhla [The significance of the university for the "Chernivtsi myth"], in: «Materialy III Mizhnarodnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, prysvyachenoyi 120-richchyu zasnuvannya Chernivets'koho universytetu (29 veresnya – 1 zhovtnya 1995 r., Chernivtsi)», Chernivtsi, Ruta, 1995. s. 195.
V. Fysanov, Problema bezopasnosty v uslovyyakh podvyzhnykh heopolytycheskykh tochek: sluchay s Bukovynoy [The problem of security in the context of mobile geopolitical points: the case of Bukovina], in: «Pohranychnye rayony na post·sovet·skom prostranstve: netradytsyonnye aspekty bezopasnosty / Materyaly semynara / Fond Dzhona D. y Katryn T. Makarturov, Chernovtsy, oktyabr' 1996», Kyev, Fenyks, 1997, s. 82-89.
Ynostrannoe obozrenye [Foreign Review], in: «Knyzhky Voskhoda. Zhurnal uchёno-lyteraturnyy y polytycheskyy», 1904, May, s. 270.
F. Kheyman, Povernennya pam"yati: Storinky yevreys'koyi istoriyi Chernivtsiv [Return to memory: Pages of the Jewish history of Chernivtsi], Kyyiv, Dukh i Litera, 2016, s. 34 ‒ 35.
L. Schmelzer. Geschichte des Zionismus in der Bukowina [History of Zionism in Bukovina], in: Hugo Gold (Hg.), Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina, Bd. I, Tel Aviv, 1958, p. 91.
A. Bezarov, Yz ystoryy evreev na Bukovyne (XIX-XX vv.) [From the history of Jews in Bukovina (XIX ‒ XX centuries)], in: «Yevreys'ka istoriya ta kul'tura v Ukrayini. Materialy konferentsiyi, Kyyiv, 22 ‒ 23 lystopada 1993 r.», Kyyiv, Asotsiatsiya yudayiky Ukrayiny, 1994, s. 22-23.
I. Hol'tser, Prosvita, asymilyatsiya ta nova identychnist': yevreys'ka elita na Halychyni [Enlightenment, Assimilation and New Identity: The Jewish Elite in Galicia], in: «Polin. Vybrani statti / Per. z anhl.», Kyyiv, Dukh i Litera, 2011, s. 79.
Zapysky [Notes], in: «Bukovyna. Orhan ukrayins'koyi postupovoyi partiyi na Bukovyni», 1909, 28 sichnya, s. 2.
Vovky v ovechiy shkuri [Wolves in Sheepskin], in: «Bukovyna. Orhan ukrayins'koyi postupovoyi partiyi na Bukovyni», 1909, 22 sichnya, s. 1-2.
Soymova reforma vyborcha [Parliamentary electoral reform], in: «Bukovyna. Orhan ukrayins'koyi postupovoyi partiyi na Bukovyni», 1909, 12 zhovtnya, s. 1.
Donesennya Dyrektsiyi politsiyi pro perebih yevreys'kykh narodnykh zboriv, 7 travnya 1910 r. [Report of the Police Board on the course of the Jewish People's Assembly, May 7, 1910], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st.: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 312.
Iz statti «Shkil'ni spravy» u hazeti «Die Volkswehr», 18 zhovtnya 1910 r. [From the article "School Affairs" in the newspaper Die Volkswehr, October 18, 1910], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st.: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 329.
Iz statti «Shkil'ni spravy» u hazeti «Die Volkswehr», 18 zhovtnya 1910 r., s. 331-332.
V. Botushans'kyy, Orhanizatsiya narodnoho shkil'nytstva na Bukovyni (70-ti rr.. XIX – pochatok XX st.) [Organization of folk schooling in Bukovina (70 s. XIX ‒ beginning of the twentieth century)], in: «XI Bukovyns'ka mizhnarodna istoryko-krayeznavcha konferentsiya prysvyachena 100-richchyu Ukrayins'koyi natsional'noyi revolyutsiyi. Tezy dopovidey, Chernivtsi, 20 ‒ 21 zhovtnya 2017 r.», Chernivtsi, Tekhnodruk, 2017, s. 22.
Za hranytsey [Abroad], in: «Vestnyk Obshchestva rasprostranenyya prosveshchenyya mezhdu evreyamy v Rossyy», 1912, #16, s. 126.
Napad na prava chernovets'kykh horozhan [Assault on the rights of Chernivtsi citizens], in: «Borba. Ukrayins'kyy sotsial-demokratychnyy robitnychyy zhurnal», 1911, 15 hrudnya, s. 1-2.
Zamitka «Vshanuvannya deputata doktora Shtraukhera» z hazety «Die Volkswehr», 12 serpenya 1910 r. [Note «Honoring the Deputy of Dr. Strauheer» from the newspaper Die Volkswehr, August 12, 1910], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st..: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 323.
A. Kastelyanskyy, Obshchaya statystyka / Avstryya [Common statistics / Austria], in: «Evreyskaya entsyklopedyya. Svod znanyy o evreystve y eho kul'ture v proshlom y nastoyashchem», Tom 1, SPb, Obshchestvo dlya nauchnykh evreyskykh yzdanyy, Brok·hauz-Efron, s. 343.
E. Voloshchuk, Fenomen evreyskoy Ukrayny y eho lyteraturnye proektsyy [The phenomenon of Jewish Ukraine and its literary projections], in: “Collegium”. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-khudozhestvennyy zhurnal», 2017, #27, s. 163.
Iz vystupu deputata Benno Shtraukhera z pytannya vyborchoyi reformy na zasidanni Avstriys'koyi palaty posliv 13 bereznya 1906 roku, 13 bereznya 1906 r. [From the speech of deputy Benno Strauheer on the question of electoral reform at the Austrian Ambassadorial meeting March 13, 1906, March 13, 1906], in: «Yevreys'ke naselennya ta rozvytok yevreys'koho natsional'noho rukhu na Bukovyni v ostanniy chverti XVIII – na pochatku XX st.: Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv / Upor. O. V. Dobrzhans'kyy, M. P. Kushnir, M. D. Nykyrsa», Chernivtsi, Nashi knyhy, 2007, s. 229 ‒ 232.
Sh. Sen'obos, Polytycheskaya ystoryya sovremennoy Evropy [Political history of modern Europe], Tom 2, SPb, Tovaryshchestvo «Znanye», 1903, s. 475 ‒ 478.
Shmy, Ynostrannoe obozrenye [Foreign Review], in: «Knyzhky Voskhoda. Zhurnal uchёno-lyteraturnyy y polytycheskyy», 1904, Yyul', s. 248.
M., Evrey v Halytsyy [Jews in Galicia], in: «Knyzhky Voskhoda. Zhurnal uchёno-lyteraturnyy y polytycheskyy», 1903, Avhust, s. 122.
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2017-12-20
Як цитувати
Bezarov, O. (2017). Феномен міжетнічної толерантності на Буковині (1861-1914 рр.): випадок із євреями. Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія, (46), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2017.46.67-75
