Bukovynian Lands in the Context of Russian-Swedish and Russian-Turkish conflicts of the beginning of the XVIII century
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Abstract
The beginning of the XVIII century proved to be quite tense for the Bukovynian lands, which became the scene of confrontation between the powerful states – Sweden, Russia, the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the Great Northern War of Russia and Sweden and the Russo-Turkish War of 1710-1713, the Bukovynian lands repeatedly became the scene of fierce battles. For Russia, Bukovyna was a kind of window to Europe, and for Turkey, it was of interest through its fortifications, namely the Khotyn fortress.
The war began due to mutual provocative actions on the part of these countries, namely the Russian troops of Brigadier G. Kropotov carried out the Chernivtsi raid in 1709, thus violating the Treaty of Constantinople in 1700. In turn, the Turks provoked Russia by the fact that after the Battle of Poltava in 1709 they gave shelter to Charles XII and I. Mazepa with their troops in Moldavia. In the Moldavian lands the military action ended with the signing of the Prut Peace Treaty.
Thus, the presence of Swedish, Cossack, Russian and Turkish-Tatar troops in Bukovyna in 1709 and 1711 had a negative impact on the military and political situation in the region, led to significant demographic losses, desolation of settlements, impoverishment of the local population and his resettlement outside Moldavia. Also, all these events influenced the magnifications of the Ottoman presence in the Bukovynian lands, which later resulted in the creation of the rayah or nahiya in the Khotyn region.
Given the urgency of the problem, the purpose of our article is a comprehensive study of the military and political situation of the Bukovinian lands in the period since 1700 to 1711.
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