Chernivtsi Children’s Magazine «Ukrainska Lastivka» 1933-1940 as a Realized National-Cultural Project

Abstract

The article investigates, based on extensive factual material including archival sources, the history and significance of the children’s magazine «Ukrainska Lastivka» (Ukrainian Swallow) (1933–1940), which was published by the «Ukrainian School» society in Chernivtsi and became a unique national-cultural phenomenon in Bukovyna during the Romanian occupation. The magazine served multiple functions: as a periodical publication, a literary collection, an educational textbook, and an instrument of national education. Its conceptual foundations included family values, patriotic education, moral development, religious upbringing, and nurturing love for the Ukrainian language and culture. Despite financial difficulties, the 16-page monthly reached up to 1,000 subscribers.

«Ukrainska Lastivka» published works by classical national literature authors, young Bukovynian writers, and translated world literature. There were regular sections devoted to Ukrainian history («Something from Our Past»), moral teachings, folk wisdom, and humour. The magazine introduced children to Ukrainian historical figures (from the princes of Kyivan Rus to leaders of the national revival), described traditional calendar customs, discussed current events, including the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Soviet Ukraine. Editorial materials were often signed with pseudonyms, such as «Uncle Omelko» (Omelian Masykevych) and «Grandfather Svyryd» (Spyrydon Cherkasenko), creating an atmosphere of family closeness.

The publication actively engaged children as contributors of stories, riddles, and folklore collections, encouraging them to develop creative abilities and national consciousness. «Ukrainska Lastivka» maintained connections with other Ukrainian periodicals, creating a unified informational and cultural space despite the political borders dividing Ukrainian lands.

The magazine functioned as a cultural oasis where Ukrainian language, traditions, and national identity were preserved and developed during foreign domination. Its influence is confirmed by the memories of former readers who credit the publication with their national upbringing. The traditions of the periodical were revived in 1993 after Ukraine’s declaration of independence, when a new «Ukrainska Lastivka» was established in Chernivtsi. This historical example demonstrates effective mechanisms for preserving national-cultural identity under political pressure and offers valuable ideas for modern approaches to national education.